Segment-Adaptive Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using NSGA-II

SU Zhaopin; ZHANG Guofu; ZHOU Xianxian; LI Wangwang

doi:10.1049/cje.2021.05.015

Volume 30 Issue 4

Jul. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Chinese Journal of Electronics > 2021 > 30(4): 727-735

SU Zhaopin, ZHANG Guofu, ZHOU Xianxian, et al., “Segment-Adaptive Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using NSGA-II,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 727-735, 2021, doi: 10.1049/cje.2021.05.015

Citation:

SU Zhaopin, ZHANG Guofu, ZHOU Xianxian, et al., “Segment-Adaptive Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using NSGA-II,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 727-735, 2021, doi: 10.1049/cje.2021.05.015

Citation:

PDF( 838 KB)

Segment-Adaptive Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using NSGA-II

doi: 10.1049/cje.2021.05.015

SU Zhaopin^1,2,3,4,
ZHANG Guofu^{1,2,3,4
,
,},
ZHOU Xianxian²,
LI Wangwang²

1. Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China;
2. School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China;
3. Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
4. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industry Safety and Emergency Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Heifei 230601, China

Funds:

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61573125), the Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Program (No.202004d07020011, No.202104d07020001), the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (No.19YJC870021, No.18YJC870025), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.PA2020GDKC0015, No.PA2019GDQT0008, No.PA2019GDPK0072).

Received Date: 2018-10-11
Available Online: 2021-07-19
Publish Date: 2021-07-05

Abstract

Abstract

In the field of robust audio watermarking, how to seek a good trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility is challenging. The existing studies use the same embedding parameter for each part of the audio signal, which ignores that different parts may have different requirements for embedding parameters. In this work, the constraints on imperceptibility are first analysed. Then, we present a segment multi-objective optimization model of the scaling parameter under the constrained Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in Spread spectrum (SS) audio watermarking. Additionally, we adopt the Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to solve the proposed model. Finally, we compare our algorithm (called SS-SNR-NSGA-II) with the existing methods. The experimental results show that the proposed SS-SNRNSGA-II not only provides flexible choices for different application demands but also achieves more and better trade-offs between imperceptibility and robustness.
- Spread spectrum audio watermarking,
- Scaling parameter,
- Segment,
- Constrained SNR,
- NSGA-II

FullText(HTML)

References(20)

References

X. Tang, Z. Ma, X. Niu, et al., "Compressive sensing-based audio semi-fragile zero-watermarking algorithm", Chinese Journal of Electronics, Vol.24, No.3, pp.492-497, 2015.

S. Wang, C. Cui and X. Niu, "A novel DIBR 3D image watermarking algorithm resist to geometrical attacks", Chinese Journal of Electronics, Vol.26, No.6, pp.1184-1193, 2017.

J. Zhang and H. Wang, "Analysis on law of distortion of audio signal for embedding watermark in DCT and DWT", Acta Electronica Sinica, Vol.41, No.6, pp.1193-1197, 2013. (in Chinese)

X. Tang, Z. Ma, X. Niu, et al., "Research on audio watermarking algorithm based on EMD", Acta Electronica Sinica, Vol.43, No.7, pp.1457-1464, 2015. (in Chinese)

X. Tang, Z. Ma, X. Niu, et al., "Robust audio watermarking algorithm based on empirical mode decomposition", Chinese Journal of Electronics, Vol.25, No.6, pp.1005-1010, 2016.

X.C. Yuan, C.M. Pun and C.L.P. Chen, "Robust melfrequency cepstral coefficients feature detection and dual-tree complex wavelet transform for digital audio watermarking", Information Sciences, Vol.298, pp.159-179, 2015.

B.K. Vivekananda, I. Sengupta and A. Das, "An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain", Digital Signal Processing, Vol.20, No.6, pp.1547-1558, 2010.

X.Y. Wang, P.P. Niu and H.Y. Yang, "A robust, digital-audio watermarking method", IEEE Multimedia, Vol.16, No.3, pp.60-69, 2009.

G. Hua, J. Goh and V.L.L. Thing, "Time-spread echo-based audio watermarking with optimized imperceptibility and robustness", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol.23, No.2, pp.227-239, 2015.

S.T. Chen and H.N. Huang, "Optimization-based audio watermarking with integrated quantization embedding", Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol.75, No.8, pp.4735-4751, 2016.

S.M. Mohsenfar, M. Mosleh and A. Barati, "Audio watermarking method using QR decomposition and genetic algorithm", Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol.74, No.3, pp.1-21, 2015.

B. Lei, I.Y. Soon and E.L. Tan, "Robust SVD-based audio watermarking scheme with differential evolution optimization", IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol.21, No.11, pp.2368-2378, 2013.

B. Lei, F. Zhou, E.L. Tan, et al., "Optimal and secure audio watermarking scheme based on self-adaptive particle swarm optimization and quaternion wavelet transform", Signal Processing, Vol.113, pp.80-94, 2015.

K. Deb, A. Pratap, S. Agarwal, et al., "A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm:NSGA-II", IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.6, No.2, pp.182-197, 2002.

L. Perez-Freire and F. Perez-Gonzalez, "Spread-spectrum watermarking security", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol.4, No.1, pp.2-24, 2009.

Y. Xiang, I. Natgunanathan, Y. Rong, et al., "Spread spectrum-based high embedding capacity watermarking method for audio signals", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol.23, No.12, pp.2228-2237, 2015.

Y. Xiang, I. Natgunanathan, D. Peng, et al., "Spread spectrum audio watermarking using multiple orthogonal PN sequences and variable embedding strengths and polarities", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol.26, No.13, pp.529-539, 2018.

Z. Su, G. Zhang, F. Yue, et al., "SNR-constrained heuristics for optimizing the scaling parameter of robust audio watermarking", IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol.20, No.10, pp.2631-2644, 2018.

K. Khaldi and A. Boudraa, "Audio watermarking via EMD", IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing, Vol.21, No.3, pp.675-680, 2013.

H.T. Hu and L.Y. Hsu, "Robust, transparent and high-capacity audio watermarking in DCT domain", Signal Processing, Vol.109, pp.226-235, 2015.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views