TCM2023+Characteristic Mode Analysis for Pattern Diversity and Beamforming: A Survey

ZHANG Qianyun; WU Biyi

doi:10.23919/cje.2022.00.255

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Qianyun ZHANG and Biyi WU, “TCM2023+Characteristic Mode Analysis for Pattern Diversity and Beamforming: A Survey,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. x, no. x, pp. 1–10, xxxx doi: 10.23919/cje.2022.00.255

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Qianyun ZHANG and Biyi WU, “TCM2023+Characteristic Mode Analysis for Pattern Diversity and Beamforming: A Survey,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. x, no. x, pp. 1–10, xxxx doi: 10.23919/cje.2022.00.255

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TCM2023+Characteristic Mode Analysis for Pattern Diversity and Beamforming: A Survey

doi: 10.23919/cje.2022.00.255

ZHANG Qianyun^1
,,
WU Biyi^{2
,
,}

1.
the School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
the Center for Electromagnetic Simulation, School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

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Author Bio:
Qianyun ZHANG received her B.Sc. degree from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China, in 2014, and her Ph.D. degree from Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom, in 2018. She is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China. Her research interests include wireless network security, intelligent sensing and recognition, and novel antenna designs. (Email: zhangqianyun@buaa.edu.cn)

Biyi WU received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Beijing Institute of Technology, China, in 2011 and 2017 respectively. From 2015 to 2017, he worked as a research associated at antenna and electromagnetics group of the Queen Mary University of London. He is currently is an assistant professor at the center of electromagnetic simulation at Beijing Institute of Technology. (Email: biyi.wu@bit.edu.cn)
Corresponding author: Email: biyi.wu@bit.edu.cn
Available Online: 2024-04-24

Abstract

Abstract

With the rapid development of space-air-ground integrated communications, diverse requirements have been imposed on antenna radiation patterns. In addition, increasingly compact platforms brings significant challenges to the deployment of antenna arrays normally used for beamforming. This article comprehensively surveys characteristic mode analysis (CMA)-based pattern diversity realizations in past years. Specifically, exciting multiple characteristic modes independently achieves pattern reconfigurability and element-reduced multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We furthermore overview a series of works on modes superposition. Various methods have been explored for modal weights decision, and therefore specific patterns are synthesized. The weighted modal combination also fulfills single-element beamforming. A recent study on an antenna design for electrically small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is summarized, and the desired reconfigurable radiation patterns of the conformal radiator are realized based on CMA. Moreover, a formation-based beamforming technique, which takes advantages of the electromagnetic coupling among conformal radiators and the agility of UAVs, is introduced.
- Beamforming,
- Beamsteering,
- Characteristic mode analysis,
- Reconfigurable radiation pattern

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References(56)

References

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