Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Wanqiu CUI, Dawei WANG, and Na Han, “Survey on Fake Information Generation, Dissemination and Detection,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1–11, 2024 doi: 10.23919/cje.2022.00.362
Citation: Wanqiu CUI, Dawei WANG, and Na Han, “Survey on Fake Information Generation, Dissemination and Detection,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1–11, 2024 doi: 10.23919/cje.2022.00.362

Survey on Fake Information Generation, Dissemination and Detection

doi: 10.23919/cje.2022.00.362
More Information
  • Author Bio:

    Wanqiu CUI was born in Liaoning Province, China, in 1990. She received the Ph.D. degree in computer science and technology from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, in 2021. She is currently a Lecturer at the People’s Public Security University of China. Her current research interests include social network analysis and network security content detection. (Email: wanqiucui@ppsuc.edu.cn)

    Dawei WANG was born in Shandong Province, China, in 1989. He received the Ph.D. degree in computer software and theory from the Renmin University of China, in 2020. He is an Associate Research Fellow in Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China. His main research interests include databases, artificial intelligence, and regional innovation strategy. (Email: wangdw1@istic.ac.cn)

    Na Han was born in Hebei Province, China, in1985. She received the Ph.D. degree in international communication from the Communication University of China, in 2014. She is currently a Associate Professor at the People’s Public Security University of China. Her main research interests include strategic intelligence and disinformation. (Email: hanna@ppsuc.edu.cn)

  • Corresponding author: Email: wangdw1@istic.ac.cn
  • Received Date: 2022-10-28
  • Accepted Date: 2023-07-03
  • Available Online: 2024-03-22
  • The current booming development of the Internet has put the public in an era of information overload, in which false information is mixed and spread unscrupulously. This phenomenon has seriously disturbed the social network order. Thus, a substantial amount of research is beginning to be devoted to the effective management of fake information. We analyze the abnormal characteristics of fake information from its mechanism of generation and dissemination. In view of different exceptional features, we systematically sort out and evaluate the existing studies on false content detection. The commonly used public datasets, metrics, and performance are categorized and compared, hoping to provide a basis and guidance for related research. The study found that the current active social platforms show different novelty. The future direction should point to mining platform features of multi-domain sources, multi-data forms, and multi-language heterogeneity to provide more valuable clues for fake information.
  • loading
  • [1]
    S. Antoniadis, I. Litou, and V. Kalogeraki, “A model for identifying misinformation in online social networks,” in Proceedings of the OTM Confederated International Conferences “on the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems”, Rhodes, Greece, pp. 473–482, 2015.
    [2]
    C. C. Shao, “The spread of misinformation in online social networks,” Ph. D. Thesis, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China, 2018. (in Chinese)
    [3]
    S. Vosoughi, D. Roy, and S. Aral, “The Spread of true and false news online,” Science, vol. 359, no. 6380, pp. 1146–1151, 2018. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9559
    [4]
    Y. Z. Liu, J. Wang, X. Z. Pan, et al., “Research on scale-free network rumor spreading under node influence,” Journal of Chinese Computer Systems, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2375–2379, 2018. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1220.2018.11.005
    [5]
    J. Ratkiewicz, M. Conover, M. Meiss, et al., “Detecting and tracking political abuse in social media,” in Proceedings of the 5th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 297–304, 2021.
    [6]
    E. Ferrara, O. Varol, C. Davis, et al., “The rise of social bots,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 96–104, 2016. doi: 10.1145/2818717
    [7]
    L. Howell, “Digital wildfires in a hyperconnected world,” WEF Report, MTR-3, Rev. 2013, pp. 15–94, Available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3010275/digital-wildfires-in-a-hyperconnected-world.
    [8]
    Y. H. Shen, X. H. Jiang, Z. J. Li, et al., “UniSKGRep: A unified representation learning framework of social network and knowledge graph,” Neural Networks, vol. 158, pp. 142–153, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2022.11.010
    [9]
    Y. Yang, J. X. Lin, X. L. Zhang, et al., “PKG: A personal knowledge graph for recommendation,” in Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Madrid, Spain, pp. 3334–3338, 2022.
    [10]
    M. Tambuscio, G. Ruffo, A. Flammini, et al., “Fact-checking effect on viral hoaxes: A model of misinformation spread in social networks,” in Proceedings of the 24th international conference on World Wide Web, Florence, Italy, pp. 977–982, 2015.
    [11]
    Y. Liu and Y. F. B. Wu, “Early detection of fake news on social media through propagation path classification with recurrent and convolutional networks,” in Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New Orleans, LA, USA, article no. 44, 2018.
    [12]
    Z. W. Jin, J. Cao, Y. D. Zhang, et al., “News verification by exploiting conflicting social viewpoints in microblogs,” in Proceedings of the 30th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Phoenix, AZ, USA, pp. 2972–2978, 2016.
    [13]
    M. D. Xu, Z. K. Zhang, and X. K. Xu, “Research on spreading mechanism of false information in social networks by motif degree,” Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1425–1435, 2021. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7544/issn1000-1239.2021.20200806
    [14]
    Y. H. Wu, Y. Z. Fang, S. K. Shang, et al., “A novel framework for detecting social bots with deep neural networks and active learning,” Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 211, article no. 106525, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106525
    [15]
    C. S. Zhao, Y. Xin, X. F. Li, et al., “An attention-based graph neural network for spam bot detection in social networks,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 22, article no. 8160, 2020. doi: 10.3390/app10228160
    [16]
    S. Afroz, M. Brennan, and R. Greenstadt, “Detecting hoaxes, frauds, and deception in writing style online,” in Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 461–475, 2012.
    [17]
    M. Potthast, J. Kiesel, K. Reinartz, et al., “A stylometric inquiry into hyperpartisan and fake news,” in Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 231–240, 2018.
    [18]
    A. Gupta, H. Lamba, P. Kumaraguru, et al., “Faking sandy: Characterizing and identifying fake images on twitter during hurricane sandy,” in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 729–736, 2013.
    [19]
    Z. W. Jin, J. Cao, Y. D. Zhang, et al., “Novel visual and statistical image features for microblogs news verification,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 598–608, 2017. doi: 10.1109/TMM.2016.2617078
    [20]
    G. L. Ciampaglia, P. Shiralkar, L. M. Rocha, et al., “Computational fact checking from knowledge networks,” PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 6, article no. e0128193, 2015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128193
    [21]
    W. Y. Wang, “Liar, Liar Pants on Fire”: A new benchmark dataset for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 422–426, 2017.
    [22]
    C. Wang, H. Y. Zhu, and B. Yang, “Composite behavioral modeling for identity theft detection in online social networks,” IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 428–439, 2022. doi: 10.1109/TCSS.2021.3092007
    [23]
    V. Qazvinian, E. Rosengren, D. R. Radev, et al., “Rumor has it: Identifying misinformation in microblogs,” in Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 1589–1599, 2011.
    [24]
    F. Yang, Y. Liu, X. H. Yu, et al., “Automatic detection of rumor on Sina Weibo,” in Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Mining Data Semantics, Beijing, China, article no. 13, 2012.
    [25]
    Y. H. Shen, X. H. Jiang, Z. J. Li, et al., “NEAWalk: Inferring missing social interactions via topological-temporal embeddings of social groups,” Knowledge and Information Systems, vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 2771–2795, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s10115-022-01724-2
    [26]
    Z. W. Jin, J. Cao, Y. G. Jiang, et al., “News credibility evaluation on microblog with a hierarchical propagation model,” in Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Shenzhen, China, pp. 230–239, 2014.
    [27]
    P. Przybyla, “Capturing the style of fake news,” in Proceedings of the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY, USA, pp. 490–497, 2020.
    [28]
    S. Shojaee, M. A. A. Murad, A. B. Azman, et al., “Detecting deceptive reviews using lexical and syntactic features,” in Proceedings of 2013 13th International Conference on Intellient Systems Design and Applications, Salangor, Malaysia, pp. 53–58, 2013.
    [29]
    B. Horne and S. Adali, “This just in: Fake news packs a lot in title, uses simpler, repetitive content in text body, more similar to satire than real news,” in Proceedings of the 11th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Quebec, Canada, pp. 759–766, 2017.
    [30]
    N. Dhamani, P. Azunre, J. L. Gleason, et al., “Using deep networks and transfer learning to address disinformation,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.10412, 2019.
    [31]
    V. Pérez-Rosas, B. Kleinberg, A. Lefevre, et al., “Automatic detection of fake news,” in Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Santa Fe, NM, USA, pp. 3391–3401, 2018.
    [32]
    J. Ma, W. Gao, P. Mitra, et al., “Detecting rumors from microblogs with recurrent neural networks,” in Proceedings of the 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY, USA, pp. 3818–3824, 2016.
    [33]
    Z. Liu, Z. H. Wei, and R. X. Zhang, “Rumor detection based on convolutional neural network,” Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 3053–3056,3100, 2017. doi: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2017.11.3053
    [34]
    Y. Q. Wang, F. L. Ma, Z. W. Jin, et al., “EANN: Event adversarial neural networks for multi-modal fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, London, UK, pp. 849–857, 2018.
    [35]
    J. Ma, W. Gao, and K. F. Wong, “Detect rumors on Twitter by promoting information campaigns with generative adversarial learning,” in Proceedings of the 2019 World Wide Web Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 3049–3055, 2019.
    [36]
    T. Zhang, D. Wang, H. H. Chen, et al., “BDANN: BERT-based domain adaptation neural network for multi-modal fake news detection,” in Proceedings of 2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Glasgow, UK, pp. 1–8, 2020.
    [37]
    Y. C. Ahn and C. S. Jeong, “Natural language contents evaluation system for detecting fake news using deep learning,” in Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Chonburi, Thailand, pp. 289–292, 2019.
    [38]
    S. Volkova, K. Shaffer, J. Y. Jang, et al., “Separating facts from fiction: Linguistic models to classify suspicious and trusted news posts on twitter,” in Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 647–653, 2017.
    [39]
    F. Yu, Q. Liu, S. Wu, et al., “A convolutional approach for misinformation identification,” in Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 3901–3907, 2017.
    [40]
    P. Agrawal, P. S. Anjana, and S. Peri, “DeHiDe: Deep learning-based hybrid model to detect fake news using Blockchain,” in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, Nara, Japan, pp. 245–246, 2021.
    [41]
    Y. X. Liu, L. Wang, T. F. Shi, et al., “Detection of spam reviews through a hierarchical attention architecture with N-gram CNN and Bi-LSTM,” Information Systems, vol. 103, article no. 101865, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.is.2021.101865
    [42]
    X. T. Zhou, A. Jain, V. V. Phoha, et al., “Fake news early detection: A theory-driven mode,” Digital Threats:Research and Practice, vol. 1, no. 2, article no. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1145/3377478
    [43]
    A. Uppal, V. Sachdeva, and S. Sharma, “Fake news detections using discourse segment structure analysis,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering, Noida, India, pp. 751–756, 2020.
    [44]
    Y. H. Wang, L. Wang, Y. J. Yang, et al., “SemSeq4FD: Integrating global semantic relationship and local sequential order to enhance text representation for fake news detection,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 166, article no. 114090, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114090
    [45]
    K. Shu, A. Sliva, S. H. Wang, et al., “Fake news detection on social media: a data mining perspective,” ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 22–36, 2017. doi: 10.1145/3137597.3137600
    [46]
    S. Y. Sun, H. Y. Liu, J. He, et al., “Detecting event rumors on Sina Weibo automatically,” in Proceedings of the 15th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, Sydney, Australia, pp. 120–131, 2013.
    [47]
    X. Y. Zhou, J. D. Wu, R. Zafarani, “SAFE: Similarity-aware multi-modal fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 24th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 354–367, 2020.
    [48]
    J. X. Xue, Y. B. Wang, Y. C. Tian, et al., “Detecting fake news by exploring the consistency of multimodal data,” Information Processing & Management, vol. 58, no. 5, article no. 102610, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102610
    [49]
    Z. W. Jin, J. Cao, J. B. Luo, et al., “Image credibility analysis with effective domain transferred deep networks,” arXiv preprint, arXiv: 1611.05328, 2016.
    [50]
    P. Qi, J. Cao, T. Y. Yang, et al., “Exploiting multi-domain visual information for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), Beijing, China, pp. 518–527, 2019.
    [51]
    K. Shu, X. Y. Zhou, S. H. Wang, et al., “The role of user profiles for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 436–443, 2019.
    [52]
    Y. J. Lu and C. T. Li, “GCAN: Graph-aware co-attention networks for explainable fake news detection on social media,” in Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Virtual Event, pp. 505–514, 2020.
    [53]
    S. Y. Jiang, X. T. Chen, L. M. Zhang, et al., “User-characteristic enhanced model for fake news detection in social media,” in Proceedings of the 8th CCF International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, Dunhuang, China, pp. 634–646, 2019.
    [54]
    Y. T. Dou, K. Shu, C. Y. Xia, et al., “User preference-aware fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Virtual Event, Canada, pp. 2051–2055, 2021.
    [55]
    O. Ajao, D. Bhowmik, and S. Zargari, “Sentiment aware fake news detection on online social networks,” in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Brighton, UK, pp. 2507–2511, 2019.
    [56]
    C. Guo, J. Cao, X. Y. Zhang, et al., “Exploiting emotions for fake news detection on social media,” arXiv preprint, arXiv: 1903.01728, 2019.
    [57]
    X. Y. Zhang, J. Cao, X. R. Li, et al., “Mining dual emotion for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021, Ljubljana, Slovenia, pp. 3465–3476, 2021.
    [58]
    Y. X. Li, K. J. Liu, X. S. Yang, et al., “Fake news recognition model based on sentiment analysis,” Journal of Xihua University (Natural Science Edition), vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 53–59, 2021. (in Chinese) doi: 10.12198/j.issn.1673−159X.3751
    [59]
    N. Mehta, M. L. Pacheco, and D. Goldwasser, “Tackling fake news detection by continually improving social context representations using graph neural networks,” in Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 1363–1380, 2022.
    [60]
    S. Raza and C. Ding, “Fake news detection based on news content and social contexts: A transformer-based approach,” International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 335–362, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s41060-021-00302-z
    [61]
    T. Chen, X. Li, H. Z. Yin, et al., “Call attention to rumors: Deep attention based recurrent neural networks for early rumor detection,” in Proceedings of Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 40–52, 2018.
    [62]
    T. Bian, X. Xiao, T. Y. Xu, et al., “Rumor detection on social media with bi-directional graph convolutional networks,” in Proceedings of the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY, USA, pp. 549–556, 2020.
    [63]
    S. Singhal, R. R. Shah, T. Chakraborty, et al., “SpotFake: A multi-modal framework for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Multimedia Big Data, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 39–47, 2019.
    [64]
    S. Singhal, A. Kabra, M. Sharma, et al., “SpotFake+: A multimodal framework for fake news detection via transfer learning (student abstract),” in Proceedings of the 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY, USA, pp. 13915–13916, 2020.
    [65]
    J. Meng, L. Wang, Y. J. Yang, et al., “Multi-modal deep fusion for false information detection,” Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 419–425, 2022. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11772/j.issn.1001-9081.2021071184
    [66]
    D. Khattar, J. S. Goud, M. Gupta, et al., “MVAE: Multimodal variational autoencoder for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 2915–2921, 2019.
    [67]
    Z. W. Jin, J. Cao, H. Guo, et al., “Multimodal fusion with recurrent neural networks for rumor detection on microblogs,” in Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, California, CA, USA, pp. 795–816, 2017.
    [68]
    C. G. Song, N. W. Ning, Y. L. Zhang, et al., “A multimodal fake news detection model based on crossmodal attention residual and multichannel convolutional neural networks,” Information Processing & Management, vol. 58, no. 1, article no. 102437, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102437
    [69]
    Y. Wu, P. W. Zhan, Y. J. Zhang, et al., “Multimodal fusion with co-attention networks for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, Virtual Event, pp. 2560–2569, 2021.
    [70]
    S. S. Qian, J. G. Wang, J. Hu, et al., “Hierarchical multi-modal contextual attention network for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Virtual Event, Canada, pp. 153–162, 2021.
    [71]
    H. W. Zhang, Q. Fang, S. S. Qian, et al., “Multi-modal knowledge-aware event memory network for social media rumor detection,” in Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, Nice, France, pp. 1942–1951, 2019.
    [72]
    J. W. Li, S. W. Ni, and H. K. Kao, “Meet the truth: Leverage objective facts and subjective views for interpretable rumor detection,” in Proceedings of Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021, Virtual Event, pp. 705–715, 2021.
    [73]
    Y. Q. Dun, K. F. Tu, C. Chen, et al., “KAN: Knowledge-aware attention network for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Event, pp. 81–89, 2021.
    [74]
    Y. F. Long, Q. Lu, R. Xiang, et al., “Fake news detection through multi-perspective speaker profiles,” in Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Taipei, China, pp. 252–256, 2017.
    [75]
    H. Huang, L. H. Zhou, Y. Q. Huang, et al., “Early detection of fake news based on hybrid deep model,” Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Science), vol. 52,no,4, pp. 89–98, 2022. (in Chinese) doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2021.296
    [76]
    N. Ruchansky, S. Seo, and Y. Liu, “CSI: A hybrid deep model for fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 797–806, 2017.
    [77]
    A. Dilixiati, B. Ma, Y. T. Yang, et al., “Attention based multi-feature fusion neural network for fake news detection,” Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 608–616, 2022. (in Chinese) doi: 10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.202109033
    [78]
    C. Liu and Z. K. Zhang, “Information spreading on dynamic social networks,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 896–904, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2013.08.028
    [79]
    Z. J. Wang and A. Chen, “On ISRC rumor spreading model for scale-free networks with self-purification mechanism,” Complexity, vol. 2021, article no. 6685306, 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/6685306
    [80]
    M. L. Jiang, Q. W. Gao, and J. Zhuang, “Reciprocal spreading and debunking processes of online misinformation: A new rumor spreading–debunking model with a case study,” Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 565, article no. 125572, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125572
    [81]
    M. Del Vicario, A. Bessi, F. Zollo, et al., “The spreading of misinformation online,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 554–559, 2016. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1517441113
    [82]
    K. Yu and T. R. Su, “Modeling and simulation of point-to-point propagation of false information based on information risk perception,” Computer Science, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 376–385, 2023. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.220900084
    [83]
    Y. C. Zhang, Y. Liu, H. F. Zhang, et al., “The research of information dissemination model on online social network,” Acta Physica Sinica, vol. 60, no. 5, article no. 050501, 2011. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7498/aps.60.050501
    [84]
    Z. Y. Zhang, J. C. Jing, F. Li, et al., “Survey on fake information detection, propagation and control in online social networks from the perspective of artificial intelligence,” Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 2261–2282, 2021. (in Chinese)
    [85]
    Z. D. Mao, B. W. Zhao, J. M. Bai, et al., “Review of fake news detection methods based on the features of propagation intention,” Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1155–1169, 2022. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16798/j.issn.1003-0530.2022.06.003
    [86]
    Q. Nan, J. Cao, Y. C. Zhu, et al., “MDFEND: Multi-domain fake news detection,” in Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management, Queensland, Australia, pp. 3343–3347, 2021.
    [87]
    C. Boididou, K. Andreadou, S. Papadopoulos, et al., “Verifying multimedia use at mediaEval 2015,” MediaEval, vol. 3, no. 3, article no. 7, 2015.
    [88]
    K. Shu, D. Mahudeswaran, S. H. Wang, et al., “FakeNewsNet: A data repository with news content, social context, and spatiotemporal information for studying fake news on social media,” Big Data, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 171–188, 2020. doi: 10.1089/big.2020.0062
    [89]
    T. Mitra and E. Gilbert, “CREDBANK: A large-scale social media corpus with associated credibility annotations,” in Proceedings of the 9th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Oxford, UK, pp. 258–267, 2021.
    [90]
    G. Santia and J. Williams, “BuzzFace: A news veracity dataset with Facebook user commentary and egos,” in Proceedings of the 12th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Stanford, CA, USA, pp. 531–540, 2018.
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(2)  / Tables(4)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (27) PDF downloads(3) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return