A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator with Digital SAR-AFC Based Two-Step Injection

ZHOU Bo; LI Yifan; WANG Zuhang

doi:10.23919/cje.2023.00.043

Volume 33 Issue 5

Sep. 2024

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Bo ZHOU, Yifan LI, and Zuhang WANG, “A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator with Digital SAR-AFC Based Two-Step Injection,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1147–1153, 2024 doi: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.043

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Bo ZHOU, Yifan LI, and Zuhang WANG, “A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator with Digital SAR-AFC Based Two-Step Injection,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 1147–1153, 2024 doi: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.043

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A Fast Startup Crystal Oscillator with Digital SAR-AFC Based Two-Step Injection

doi: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.043

1.
School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

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Author Bio:
Bo ZHOU received the B.S. degree from Hunan University, Changsha, China, in 2002, the M.S. degree from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, in 2005, and the Ph.D. degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2012, respectively. In 2005, he joined STMicroelectronics Company Ltd., Shanghai, China, and focused on car-body electronic power design. In 2007, he joined Agere System Company Ltd. (acquired by LSI), Shanghai, China, and focused on magnetic head read–write channel design. In 2012, he joined the School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. In 2014 and 2015, he was a Visiting Scholar with Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, where he was focused on energy harvesting and wireless data transmission. His current research interests include delta–sigma phase-locked loop (PLL), fully digital transmitter, polar transmitter, frequency-modulated ultrawideband (FM-UWB) transceivers, and low-power biomedical electronics. (Email: zhoubo07@bit.edu.cn)

Yifan LI received the B.S. degree from the School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, in 2021. He is currently pursuing the M.S. degree at the School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. His current research interests include low-power fast startup crystal oscillators, low-complexity frequency-modulated ultrawideband (FM-UWB) transmitters, and current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs). (Email: 3120221329@bit.edu.cn)

Zuhang WANG received the B.S. degree from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2020, and the M.S. degree from Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, in 2023, respectively. In 2019, he joined the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, as an Intern, focusing on optical communications circuits design. He is now working at Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute, Beijing, China. His research interests include low-power frequency-modulated ultrawideband (FM-UWB) transceivers, low-power frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars, charge-pump phase-locked loops (CP PLLs) and high-speed interface circuits. (Email: wangzh@alu.uestc.edu.cn)
Corresponding author: Email: zhoubo07@bit.edu.cn
Received Date: 2023-02-14
Accepted Date: 2023-09-07

Available Online: 2023-12-14

Publish Date: 2024-09-05

Abstract

Abstract

Crystal oscillators (XOs) provide a high-precision reference frequency but have a long startup time, which severely increases the average power consumption in duty-cycled systems. This paper proposes a fully-digital low-cost two-step injection technique, by using a successive approximation register (SAR) based auto frequency control (AFC) loop, to speed up the startup behavior of XOs. A theoretical analysis is carried out to determine the optimum injection time and design low-power XOs. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the proposed 12 MHz fast startup XO occupies an active area of 0.02 mm$ ^{2} $ and achieves a startup time less than 35 μs. The XO power consumption in the steady state is 40 μW from a 1.0-V supply, with a startup energy of 17.2 nJ.
- Crystal oscillator,
- Two-step injection,
- Successive approximation register,
- Auto frequency control,
- Fully-digital,
- Fast startup

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References(12)

References

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