Volume 29 Issue 3
. 
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Chinese Journal of Electronics  > 2020  >  29(3): 397-416
XIE Bosun, “Spatial Sound—History, Principle, Progress and Challenge,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 397-416, 2020, doi: 10.1049/cje.2020.02.016
Citation: XIE Bosun, “Spatial Sound—History, Principle, Progress and Challenge,” Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 397-416, 2020, doi: 10.1049/cje.2020.02.016
shu

Spatial Sound—History, Principle, Progress and Challenge

doi: 10.1049/cje.2020.02.016

  • Acoustic Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoeletronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Funds:  This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11674105) and the State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology.
  • Received Date: 2019-12-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2020-02-25
  • Publish Date: 2020-05-10
    Abstract
  • The aim of spatial sound or spatial audio is to reproduce the spatial information of sound, so as to recreate the desired spatial auditory events or perceptions. Recently, spatial sound becomes a hot topic in the fields of acoustics, signal processing, and communication. A series of spatial sound techniques have been developed and applied to a wide area of scientific research, engineering, and amusement. The history, principle, progress and applications of spatial sound technique are comprehensively reviewed in this article. Especially, spatial sound techniques based on different principles are united within the framework of spatial sampling and reconstruction theorem of sound field. The challenges and prospects of spatial sound are also addressed.
    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(131)
  • F. Rumsey, Spatial Audio, Focal Press, Oxford, England, 2001.
    B.S. Xie, Head-related Transfer Function and Virtual Auditory Display (Second Edition), J Ross Publishing, USA, 2013.
    J. Blauert, Spatial Hearing: The Psychophysics of Human Sound Localization (Revised Edition), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1997.
    J.L. Jiang, B.S. Xie, H.M. Mai, et al., “The role of dynamic cue in auditory vertical localization”, Applied Acoustics, Vol.146, pp.398-408, 2019.
    H.A.M. Clack, G.F. Dutton and P.B. Vanderlyn, “The ‘stereosonic’ recording and reproduction system”, IRE Transactions on Audio, Vol.5, No.4, pp.96-111, 1957.
    D.M. Leakey, “Some measurements on the effects of interchannel intensity and time differences in two channel sound systems”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.31, No.7, pp.977-986, 1959.
    B.S. Xie, “Signal mixing for a 5.1 channel surround sound system-Analysis and experiment”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.49, No.4, pp.263-274, 2001.
    H. Mertens, “Directional hearing in stereophony theory and experimental verification”, EBU Rev., Part A, No.92(Aug.), pp.146-158, 1965.
    R.Y. Litovsky, H.S. Colburn, W.A. Yost, et al., “The precedence effect”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.106, No.4, pp.1633-1654, 1999.
    A.W. Bronkhorst, “The cocktail party phenomenon: A review of research on speech intelligibility in multiple-talker conditions”, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Vol.86, No.1, pp.117-128, 2000.
    M. Barron and A.H. Marshall, “Spatial impression due to early lateral reflections in concert halls: The derivation of a physical measure”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.77, No.2, pp.211-232, 1981.
    M. Morimoto, H. Fujimori and Z. Maekawa, “Discrimination between auditory source width and envelopment”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan, Vol.46, No.6, pp.448-457, 1990.
    Y. Ando, Auditory and Visual Sensation, Springer-Verlag, New York, U.S.A., 2009.
    P. Damaske and Y. Ando, “Interaural crosscorrelation for multichannel loudspeaker reproduction”, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Vol.27, No.4, pp.232-238, 1972.
    B. Shi and B.S. Xie, “The cross-correlation of signals and spatial impression in surround sound reproduction”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics, Vol.29, No.3, pp.308-320, 2010.
    B.S. Xie and S.Q. Gan, “Development and psychoacoustic principle of multichannel surround sound”, Audio Engineering, Vol.2002, No.2, pp.11-18, 2002. (in Chinese)
    B.S. Xie, “Spatial interpolation of HRTFs and signal mixing for multichannel surround sound”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics (AES), Vol.25, No.4, pp.330-341, 2006.
    M.A. Gerzon, “Periphony: With hight sound reproduction”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.21, No.1, pp.2-10, 1973.
    M.A. Gerzon, “Ambisonics in multichannel broadcasting and video”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.33, No.11, pp.859-871, 1985.
    X.F. Xie, “The 4-3-N matrix multi-channel sound system”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics, Vol.1, No.2, pp.210-218, 1982.
    J.S. Bamford and J. Vanderkooy, “Ambisonic sound for us”, the AES 99th Convention, New York, USA, Paper No.4138, 1995.
    J. Daniel and S. Moreau, “Further study of sound field coding with higher order Ambisonics”, the AES 116th Convention, Berlin, Germany, Paper No.6017, 2004.
    D.B. Ward and T.D. Abhayapala, “Reproduction of a planewave sound field using an array of loudspeakers”, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol.9, No.6, pp.697-707, 2001.
    B.S. Xie and X.F. Xie, “Analyse and sound image localization experiment on multi-channel plannar surround sound system”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics, Vol.15, No.1, pp.52-64, 1996.
    X.F. Xie, “The 4-3-4 matrix system for quadraphone”, Journal of South China University of Technology, Vol.5, No1, pp.40-48, 1977. (in Chinese)
    X.F. Xie, “The 4-3-4 transform and N ≥ channels reproduction for panoramic (stereophonic) reproduction”, Journal of South China University of Technology, Vol.6, No.2, pp.54-70, 1978. (in Chinese)
    A.J. Berkhout, D. De Vries and P. Vogel, “Acoustic control by wave field synthesis”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.93, No.5, pp.2764-2778, 1993.
    M.M. Boone, E.N.G. Verheijen and P.F. Van Tol, “Spatial sound field reproduction by wave field synthesis”, Journal of the AES, Vol.43, No.12, pp.1003-1012, 1995.
    S. Spors, R. Rabenstain and J. Ahrens, “The theory of wave field synthesis revisited”, the AES 124th Convention, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Paper No.7358, 2008.
    J. Ahrens, Analytic Methods of Sound Field Synthesis, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, 2012.
    A.D. Blumlein, “Improvements in and relating to sound transmission, sound recording and sound reproducing systems”, British Patent Specification 394,325, Reprint in Journal of the AES, Vol.6, No.2, pp.91-98/130, 1958.
    K. De Boer, “Stereophonic sound reproduction”, Philips Tech. Rev., Vol.1940, No.5, pp.107-114, 1940.
    G. Thiele and G. Plenge, “Localization of lateral phantom sources”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.25, No.4, pp.196-200, 1977.
    X.F. Xie, The Principle of Stereophonic Sound, Science Press, Beijing, China, 1981. (in Chinese)
    ITU-R BS. 775-1:1994, Multichannel Stereophonic Sound System with and without Accompanying Picture.
    Dolby Laboratories, “Home theater speaker guide”, http://www.dobby.com, 2007.
    DTS Inc., “DTS-HD audio, consumer white paper for blue-ray disc and HD DVD applications”, http://www.dts.com, 2006.
    M.A. Gerzon, “General metatheory of auditory localisation”, the AES 92nd Convention, Vienna, Austria, Paper No.3306, 1992.
    X.F. Xie, “A mathematical analysis of three dimensional surround sound field”, Acta Acustica, Vol.13, No.5, pp.321-328, 1988. (in Chinese)
    ITU-R Report BS. 2159-7: 2015, Multichannel Sound Technology in Home and Broadcasting Applications.
    G. Theile and H. Wittek, “Principles in surround recordings with height”, the AES 130th Convention, London, UK, Paper No.8403, 2011.
    T. Holman, “The number of loudspeaker channels”, the AES 19th International Conference, Schloss, Elmau, Germany, 2001.
    T.Holman, Surround Sound, Up and Running (Second Edition), Focal Press, Burlington, MA, USA, 2008.
    S. Kim, Y.W. Lee and V. Pulkki, “New 10.2-channel vertical surround system (10.2-VSS); comparison study of perceived audio quality in various multichannel sound systems with height loudspeakers”, the AES 129th Convention, San Francisco, USA, Paper No.8296, 2010.
    K. Hamasaki, “The 22.2 multichannel sounds and its reproduction at home and personal environment”, the AES 43rd International Conference, Pohang, Korea, 2011.
    Dolby Laboratories, “Dolby Atmos specifications”, http://www.dolby.com, 2015.
    J. Herre, J. Hilpert, A. Kuntz, et al., “MPEG-H audio-The new standard for coding of immersive spatial audio”, IEEE J. of Selected Topics on Signal Processing, Vol.9, No.5, pp.770-779, 2015.
    J.G. Woodward, “Quadraphony-A review”, Journal of the AES, Vol.25, No.10/11, pp.843-854, 1977.
    B.S. Xie and X.F. Xie, “The study of planar surround sound field”, Acta Acustica, Vol.17, No.3, pp.225-231, 1992. (in Chinese)
    Dolby Laboratories, “Dolby surround mixing manual”, http://www.dolby.com, 1998.
    R. Dressler, “Dolby surround Pro Logic II decoder principles of operation”, http://www.dolby.com, 2000.
    N. Tsingos, C. Chabanne, C. Robinson, et al., “Surround sound with height in games using Dolby Pro Logic Iiz”, the AES 129th Convention, San Francisco, USA, Paper No.8248, 2010.
    M.R. Bai and G.Y. Shih, “Upmixing and downmixing twochannel stereo audio for consumer electronics”, IEEE Trans.Consumer Electronics, Vol.53, No.3, pp.1011-1019, 2007.
    C. Faller, “Multiple-loudspeakers playback of stereo signals”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.54, No.11, pp.1051-1064, 2006.
    S. Kraft and U. Zölzer, “Low-complexity stereo signal decomposition and source separation for application in stereo to 3D upmixing”, the AES 140th Convention, Paris, France, Paper No.9586, 2016.
    H. M?ller, “Fundamentals of binaural technology”, Applied Acoustics, Vol.36, No.3/4, pp.171-218, 1992.
    F.L. Wightman and D.J. Kistler, “Headphone simulation of free-field listening, I: Stimulus synthesis”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.85, No.2, pp.858-867, 1989.
    F.L. Wightman and D.J. Kistler, “Headphone simulation of free-field listening, II: Psycho-physical validation”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.85, No.2, pp.868-878, 1989.
    V.R. Algazi, R.O. Duda, D.M. Thompson, et al., “The CIPIC HRTF database”, Proceeding of 2001 IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New York, USA, pp.99-102, 2001.
    W.G. Gardner and K.D. Martin, “HRTF measurements of a KEMAR”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.97, No.6, pp.3907-3908, 1995.
    B.S. Xie, X.L. Zhong, D. Rao, et al., “Head-related transfer function database and its analyses”, Science in China Series G, Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol.50, No.3, pp.267-280, 2007.
    D.S. Brungart and W.M. Rabinowitz, “Auditory localization of nearby sources, head-related transfer functions”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.106, No.3, pp.1465-1479, 1999.
    T.S. Qu, Z. Xiao and M. Gong, “Distance-dependent head-related transfer functions measured with high spatial resolution using a spark gap”, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol.17, No.6, pp.1124-1132, 2009.
    G.Z. Yu, B.S. Xie and D. Rao., “Near-field head-related transfer functions of an artificial head and its characteristics”, Acta Acustica, Vol.37, No.4, pp.378-385, 2012. (in Chinese)
    G.Z. Yu, R.X. Wu, Y. Liu, et al., “Near-field headrelated transfer-function measurement and database of human subjects”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.143, No.3, pp.EL194-EL198, 2018.
    R.O. Duda and W.L. Martens, “Range dependence of the response of a spherical head model”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.104, No.5, pp.3048-3058, 1998.
    V.R. Algazi, R.O. Duda, R. Duraiswami, et al., “Approximating the head-related transfer function using simple geometric models of the head and torso”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.112, No.5, pp.2053-2064, 2002.
    B.F.G. Katz, “Boundary element method calculation of individual head-related transfer function. I. Rigid model calculation”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.110, No.5, pp.2440-2448, 2001.
    Y. Kahana and P.A. Nelson, “Boundary element simulations of the transfer function of human heads and baffled pinnae using accurate geometric models”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.300, No.3/5, pp.552-579, 2007.
    M. Otani and S. Ise, “Fast calculation system specialized for head-related transfer function based on boundary element method”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.119, No.5, pp.2589-2598, 2006.
    N.A. Gumerov, A.E. O’Donovan, R. Duraiswami, et al., “Computation of the head-related transfer function via the fast multipole accelerated boundary element method and its spherical harmonic representation”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.127, No.1, pp.370-386, 2010.
    X.L. Zhong and B.S. Xie, “Maximal azimuthal resolution needed in measurements of head-related transfer functions”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.125, No.4, pp.2209-2220, 2009.
    D.J. Kistler and F.L. Wightman, “A model of head-related transfer functions based on principal components analysis and minimum-phase reconstruction”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.91, No.3, pp.1637-1647, 1992.
    V. Larcher, J.M. Jot, J. Guyard, et al., “Study and comparison of efficient methods for 3D audio spatialization based on linear decomposition of HRTF data”, the AES 108th Convention, Paris, France, Paper No.5097, 2000.
    B.S. Xie, “Recovery of individual head-related transfer functions from a small set of measurements”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.132, No.1, pp.282-294, 2012.
    J. Mackenzie, J. Huopaniemi, V. Valimaki, et al., “Low-order modeling of head-related transfer functions using balanced model truncation”, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol.4, No.2, pp.39-41, 1997.
    Y. Haneda, S. Makino, Y. Kaneda, et al., “Common acoustical pole and zero modeling of room transfer functions”, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol.7, No.2, pp.188-196, 1999.
    M.A. Blommer and G.H. Wakefield, “Pole-zero approximations for head-related transfer functions using a logarithmic error criterion”, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol.5, No.3, pp.278-287, 1997.
    A. Kulkarni, S.K. Isabelle and H.S. Colburn, “Sensitivity of human subjects to head-related transfer-function phase spectra”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.105, No.5, pp.2821-2840, 1999.
    A. Härmä, M. Karjalainen, L. Savioja, et al., “Frequencywarped signal processing for audio applications”, Journal of the AES, Vol.48, No.11, pp.1011-1031, 2000.
    E.M. Wenzel, M. Arruda, D.J. Kistler, et al., “Localization using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol.94, No.1, pp.111-123, 1993.
    X.L. Zhong and B.S. Xie, “Approximation of individualized head-related transfer function-Current progresses and problems”, Applied Acoustics, Vol.31, No.6, pp.410-415, 2012. (in Chinese)
    B.S. Xie, X.L. Zhong and N.N. He, “Typical data and cluster analysis on head-related transfer functions from Chinese subjects”, Applied Acoustics, Vol 94, No.1, pp.1-13, 2015.
    E.M. Wenzel, “What perception implies about implementation of interactive virtual acoustic environments”, the AES 101st Convention, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Paper No.4353, 1996
    L. Saviojia, J. Huopaniemi, T. Lokki, et al., “Creating interactive virtual acoustic environments”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.47, No.9, pp.675-705, 1999.
    J. Blauert, H. Lehnert, J. Sahrhage, et al., “An interactive virtual-environment generator for psychoacoustic research I: Architecture and implementation”, Acta Acustica United with Acustica, Vol.86, No.1, pp.94-102, 2000.
    C.Y. Zhang and B.S. Xie, “Platform for dynamic virtual auditory environment real-time rendering system”, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.58, No.3, pp.316-327, 2013.
    M.R. Schroeder and B.S. Atal, “Computer simulation of sound transmission in rooms”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.51, No.3, pp.536-537, 1963.
    J. Bauck and D.H. Cooper, “Generalized transaural stereo and applications”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.44, No.9, pp.683-705, 1996.
    O. Kirkeby, P.A. Nelson and H. Hamada, “The ‘stereo dipole’-A virtual source imaging system using two closely spaced loudspeakers”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.46, No.5, pp.387-395, 1998.
    Dolby Laboratories, “Dolby headphone”, http://www.dolby.com, 1996.
    B.S. Xie, J. Wang, S.Q. Guan, et al., “Virtual reproduction of 5.1 channel surround sound by headphone”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics, Vol.24, No.1, pp.63-75, 2005.
    M.F. Davis and M.C. Fellers, “Virtual surround presentation of Dolby AC-3 and Pro Logic signal”, the AES 103rd Convention, New York, USA, Paper No.4542, 1997.
    B.S. Xie, Y. Shi, Z.W. Xie, et al., “Virtual reproducing system for 5.1 channel surround sound”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics, Vol.24, No.1, pp.76-88, 2005.
    P. He, B.S. Xie and D. Rao, “Subjective and objective analyses of timbre equalized algorithms for virtual sound reproduction by loudspeakers”, Applied Acoustics, Vol.25, No.1, pp.4-12, 2006. (in Chinese)
    B. Bernfeld, “Simple equations for multichannel stereophonic sound localization”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.23, No.7, pp.553-557, 1975.
    D. Rao and B.S. Xie, “Head rotation and sound image localization in the median plane”, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.50, No.5, pp.412-416, 2005.
    B.S. Xie, H.M. Mai, D. Rao, et al., “Analysis of and experiments on vertical summing localization of multichannel sound reproduction with amplitude panning”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.67, No.6, pp.1-18, 2019.
    G. Theile, “Natural 5.1 channel recording based on psychoacoustic principles”, the AES 19th International Conference, Schloss Elmau, Germany, 2001.
    H. Wittek and G. Theile, “Development and application of a stereophonic multichannel recording technique for 3D audio and VR”, the AES 143rd Convention, New York, USA, Paper No.9869, 2017.
    B. Rafaely, “Analysis and design of spherical microphone arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol.13, No.1, pp.135-143, 2005.
    D.N. Zotkin, R. Duraiswami and N.A. Gumerov, “Planewave decomposition of acoustical scenes via spherical and cylindrical microphone arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, Vol.18, No.1, pp.2-16, 2010.
    V. Pulkki, “Virtual sound source positioning using vector base amplitude panning”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.45, No.6, pp.456-466, 1997.
    V. Välimäki, J.D. Parker and L. Saviojia, “Fifty years of artificial reverberation”, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, Vol.20, No.5, pp.1421-1447, 2012.
    U.P. Svensson and U.R. Kristiansen, “Computational modeling and simulation of acoustic spaces”, the AES 22nd International Conference, Espoo, Finland, 2002.
    ISO/IEC 23008-3: 2015, Information Technology-High Efficiency Coding and Media Delivery in Heterogeneous Environments, Part 3: 3D Audio.
    K.C. Pohlmann, Principles of Digital Audio (6th Edition), McCraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, USA, 2011.
    ETSI TS 102366 V1.4.1:2017, Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard.
    ETSI TS 103190-2 V1.2.1:2018, Digital Audio Compression (AC-4) Standard, Part 2: Immersive and Personalized Audio.
    V. Pulkki, M. Karjalainen and J. Huopaniemi, “Analyzing virtual sound source attributes using a binaural auditory model”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.47, No.4, pp.203-217, 1999.
    R. Baumgartner and P. Majdak, “Modeling localization of amplitude-panned virtual sources in sagittal planes”, Journal of the AES, Vol.63, No.7/8, pp.562-569, 2015.
    J. Huopaniemi, N. Zacharov and M. Karjalainen, “Objective and subjective evaluation of head-related transfer function filter design”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.47, No.4, pp.218-239, 1999.
    Y. Liu and B.S. Xie, “Analysis with binaural auditory model and experiment on the timbre of Ambisonics recording and reproduction”, Chinese Journal of Acoustics, Vol.34, No.4, pp.337-356, 2015.
    ITU-R BS.1116-3:2015, Methods for the Subjective Assessment of Small Impairments in Audio Systems.
    ITU-R BS.1534-3:2015, Method for the Subjective Assessment of Intermediate Quality Level of Audio Systems.
    AES Technical Council, “Multichannel surround sound systems and operations”, AES Technical Council Document, AESTD1001.1.01-10, 2001.
    W. Krebber, H.W. Gierlich and K. Genuit, “Auditory virtual environments: Basics and applications for interactive simulations”, Signal Processing, Vol.80, No.11, pp.2307-2322, 2000.
    T.A. DeFanti, G. Dawe, D.J. Sandin, et al., “The StarCAVE, a third-generation CAVE and virtual reality Optiportal”, Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol.25, No.2, pp.169-178, 2009.
    K.U. Doerr, H. Rademacher, S. Huesgen, et al., “Evaluation of a low-cost 3D sound system for immersive virtual reality training systems”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Vol.13, No.2, pp.204-212, 2007.
    C. Jin, T. Tan, A. Kan, et al., “Real-time, head-tracked 3D audio with unlimited simultaneous sounds”, Proceedings of Eleventh Meeting of the International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 05), Limerick, Ireland, 2005.
    M.J. Evans, A.I. Tew and J.A.S Angus, “Spatial audio teleconferencing-Which way is better?”, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Auditory Displays (ICAD 97), Paloalto, California, USA, pp.29-37, 1997.
    D.R. Begault, “Virtual acoustics, aeronautics, and communications”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.46, No.6, pp.520-530, 1998.
    C. Sander, F. Wefers and D. Leckschat, “Scalable binaural synthesis on mobile devices”, the AES 133rd Convention, San Francisco, USA, Paper No.8783, 2012.
    M.A. Ericson, “Multichannel sound reproduction in the environment for auditory research”, the AES 131st Convention, New York, USA, Paper No.8513, 2011.
    M. Vorländer, Auralization: Fundamentals of Acoustics, Modelling, Simulation, Algorithms and Acoustic Virtual Reality, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, 2008.
    B.G. Shinn-Cunningham, “Applications of virtual auditory displays”, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine Society, Hong Kong, China, Vol.20, No.3, pp.1105-1108, 1998.
    B.U. Seeber, U. Baumann and H. Fastl, “Localization ability with bimodal hearing aids and bilateral cochlear implants”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.116, No.3, pp.1698-1709, 2004.
    B.S. Xie, The Principle of Spatial Sound, Science Press, Beijing, China, 2019. (in Chinese)
    J.B. Lauert, “Modeling binaural processing: What next?”, Journal of the AES, Vol.132, No.3, Page 1911, 2012.
    F. Rumsey, “Automotive audio: They know where you sit”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.64, No.9, pp.705-708, 2016.
    F. Rumsey, “Broadcast and streaming: Immersive audio, objects and OTT TV”, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol.65, No.4, pp.338-341, 2017.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索
    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (1276) PDF downloads(776) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Links

    IEEE CJE Homepage CNKI Chinese Institute of Electronics Journal of Semiconductors
    E-mail Alert RSS

    Chinese Journal of Electronics

    (Bimonthly)

    ISSN    1022-4653CN  10-1284/TN

    eISSN  2075-5597CODEN CHJEEW

    CJE QR CODE

    CIE QR CODE

    Copyright © Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Electronics | 京ICP备12041980号-1 | Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return